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On 13 October 2003 the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union adopted a Directive for establishing an emissions trading scheme in Europe, which took effect on 25 October 2003. This Directive applies to such energy-intensive installations as fall within activities specified in its Annex I. Of the six greenhouse gases named in the Kyoto Protocol and listed in Annex II of the Directive, Annex I initially restricts its field of reference to carbon dioxide (CO2). This means that emissions trading in the first trading period 2005-2007 will be confined to CO2 emissions.